#include #include // For strlen, strcpy class Logger { public: // Constructor Logger(const char* initialMessage) : message_(nullptr) { // Initialize message_ to nullptr if (initialMessage) { message_ = new char[std::strlen(initialMessage) + 1]; std::strcpy(message_, initialMessage); } } // Copy Constructor (Deep copy) Logger(const Logger& other) : message_(nullptr) { // Initialize message_ to nullptr if (other.message_) { message_ = new char[std::strlen(other.message_) + 1]; std::strcpy(message_, other.message_); } } // Copy Assignment Operator (Deep copy, handle self-assignment, strong exception guarantee) Logger& operator=(const Logger& other) { if (this != &other) { // Handle self-assignment // Free current resource delete[] message_; message_ = nullptr; // Ensure it's null if allocation fails // Allocate and copy new resource if (other.message_) { message_ = new char[std::strlen(other.message_) + 1]; std::strcpy(message_, other.message_); } } return *this; } // Destructor ~Logger() { delete[] message_; // Deletes memory only if not nullptr, which is safe. // No need to set message_ to nullptr here, as the object is being destroyed. } void log() const { if (message_) { std::cout << "LOG: " << message_ << std::endl; } else { std::cout << "LOG: (empty message)" << std::endl; } } private: char* message_; // Dynamically allocated C-style string }; // Main function to test the corrected Logger class int main() { Logger log1("Critical system event"); log1.log(); // LOG: Critical system event Logger log2 = log1; // Calls copy constructor log2.log(); // LOG: Critical system event Logger log3("Another important message"); log3.log(); // LOG: Another important message log3 = log1; // Calls copy assignment operator log3.log(); // LOG: Critical system event // Test self-assignment (should do nothing harmful) log1 = log1; log1.log(); // LOG: Critical system event Logger log4(nullptr); log4.log(); // LOG: (empty message) log4 = log3; log4.log(); // LOG: Critical system event return 0; }